HNRNP Q suppresses polyglutamine huntingtin aggregation by post-transcriptional regulation of vaccinia-related kinase 2.

Misfolded proteins with abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion cause neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. Recently, it was found that polyQ aggregates accumulate as a result of vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2)-mediated degradation of TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC)/chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT), which has an essential role in the prevention of polyQ protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. The levels of VRK2 are known to be much higher in actively proliferating cells but are maintained at a low level in the brain via an unknown mechanism. Here, we found that basal levels of neuronal cell-specific VRK2 mRNA are maintained by post-transcriptional, rather than transcriptional, regulation. Moreover, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNP Q) specifically binds to the 3'untranslated region of VRK2 mRNA in neuronal cells to reduce the mRNA stability. As a result, we found a dramatic decrease in CCT4 protein levels in response to a reduction in HNRNP Q levels, which was followed by an increase in polyQ aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells and mouse cortical neurons. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how neuronal HNRNP Q decreases VRK2 mRNA stability and contributes to the prevention of Huntington's disease, while also identifying new prognostic markers of HD.