Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Bark of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., (Bombacaceae) and Antibacterial Potential of Secalonic Acid A Produced by Diaporthe searlei EC 321.

The objective of this study was to study the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceiba pentandra and to isolate their bioactive chemical compounds. The methodology used during this study consisted in isolating endophytic fungi from the bark of C. pentandra on Potato Agar. The isolates obtained were identified on the basis of the ITS regions of their ribosomal DNA. Antibacterial screening of the mycelium of endophytic fungi isolated was evaluated against multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains. This screening led to the selection of isolates EC 321 and EC 28 for their ability to effectively inhibit the growth of the bacterial strains tested. EC 321 was grown and fermented on rice medium. Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. From the crude extract, secalonic acid A was isolated and identified by chromatographic and NMR. The in vitro activity of secalonic acid A against the growth of multiresistant bacterial strains was evaluated. Secalonic acid A was active against all multidrug-resistant bacterial strains E. coli 942, E. coli 4814, S. aureus 931, S. aureus 934, S. aureus MRSA 1872 and K. pneumonia 815 with respective MICs of 18.75; 18.75; 18.75; 4.7; 37.5 and 37.5 μg/mL.