Three Cases of Rhabdomyolysis Induced by Viral Infections in Children and Literature Review.

The clinical data of 3 patients with rhabdomyolysis (RM) caused by different viral infections were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnoses were established according to the clinical symptoms, physical signs, myocardial enzymes, and muscle biopsy. Case 1 was a 11-year-old boy with influenza A virus infection, whose major symptoms were fever, cough and myalgia. After the treatment of active anti-virus, hydration, and alkalinization, the patient completely recovered. Case 2 was a 10-year-old girl with Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection who had significant musculoskeletal pain and muscle weakness symptoms with significantly elevated serum creatine kinase. After active hydration and anti-infective treatment, the patient's condition returned to normal. Case 3 was a 15-year-old boy with human cytomegalovirus infection, whose symptoms were mainly repeated fever, accompanied by myalgia and facial edema. Antibacterial therapy was ineffective, and the disease progressed with respiratory muscle weakness and multiple organ injuries. After antiviral treatment, respiratory support and hemofiltration, the symptoms relieved and patient recovered without sequela. With literature review, we believe that although influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus rarely cause RM in children, it should be attached attention to. With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is favorable.