Tumors of the orbit. Pitfalls of the surgical approach in 37 children with orbital tumor.

The authors review their experience with 37 children with orbital tumors, summarizing their surgical techniques, the indications applied, and the pitfalls of each surgical approach. Tumors located in the retro-ocular or intraorbital space were surgically excised through a transcranial approach (28 cases), while for tumors in other sites lateral orbitotomy (5 cases), medial orbitotomy (1 case) and biopsy (3 cases) were performed. A transcranial approach was used for tumors with intracranial extension and for those located in the orbital apex and deep medial orbital compartment. Lateral orbitotomy was used for tumors located in the superior, temporal or inferior compartment of the orbit and those in the lateral apex. A medial orbitotomy was used for tumors located medial to the optic nerve. Outcomes of the surgical intervention varied, depending on the pathology, location and extent of the individual tumors. To obtain optimal exposure and minimize functional deficits, the pitfalls of surgical approaches to orbital tumors are discussed.