Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of mucopolysaccharidoses I, II, and VI A.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) characteristics of patients with retinal manifestations of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) I, II, and IV A.

DESIGN

The research was a prospective, observational study.

METHODS

Fourteen consecutive patients with variants of MPS and 15 healthy subjects underwent ophthalmic assessments including fundus examinations and SD-OCT.

RESULTS

The fundus examinations revealed that four patients (two MPS I and two MPS II) had pigmented retinopathy in both eyes. In addition, one MPS II patient had cystoid macular edema and two MPS II patients had abnormal disc morphology. SD-OCT revealed thinning of the parafoveal photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS; two MPS I and one MPS II) and perifoveal photoreceptor IS/OS (two MPS I and five MPS II). All MPS I and II patients exhibited thickening of the central foveal external limiting membrane (ELM). Fundus and SD-OCT findings were normal in MPS IV A and healthy subjects. The foveal ELM was significantly thicker in MPS I and II patients than in healthy subjects (P =0 .000 and P =0 .000, respectively). The foveal IS/OS was significantly thinner in MPS I, II, and IV A patients than in healthy subjects (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, and P = 0.030, respectively). The foveal retinal pigment epithelium layer was also thinner in MPS II patients than in healthy subjects (P = 0.007)

CONCLUSIONS

In MPS, accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in retinal tissue induced retinal degeneration and pigmentary retinopathy. SD-OCT was a useful tool for detecting retinal pathology, particularly changes in ELM and IS/OS.