Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2026
Discovery of self-assembled nanoparticles from Rubia cordifolia L. before and after carbonization and mechanistic study on their targeted therapy for ulcerative colitis.
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Li Kangjie, Ren Runxin, Qi Yiqiong, Wang Min, Zhang Qiao, Sun Jing, Wang Jing, Zhao Chongbo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited treatment options. The carbonization of Rubia cordifolia L. traditionally enhances its therapeutic effects, but the mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether carbonization induces self‑assembled nanoparticles (PRCL NPs) from Rubia cordifolia and to elucidate their mechanism in UC.
STUDY DESIGN: Self‑assembled nanoparticles were extracted from raw (RCL NPs) and carbonized (PRCL NPs) Rubia cordifolia. A DSS‑induced acute UC mouse model was used to evaluate efficacy. Transcriptomics, proteomics, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to explore the mechanism.
METHODS: Nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, SEM, FTIR, and stability assays. DSS‑induced colitis mice were orally treated with RCL NPs or PRCL NPs (1.3 and 5.2 g/kg). Inflammatory and pathway markers were assessed.
RESULTS: PRCL NPs exhibited smaller particle size (337.2 nm vs. 947.2 nm) and enhanced stability (zeta potential -15.2 mV). Multi‑omics revealed convergent enrichment of the IL‑17 signaling pathway. PRCL NPs significantly upregulated IL‑17A, IL‑22, p‑STAT3, and p‑C/EBPβ (p < 0.001) and suppressed chemokines CCL5, CXCL5, and CXCL10.
CONCLUSION: Carbonization of Rubia cordifolia spontaneously forms structurally optimized self‑assembled nanoparticles (PRCL NPs) that alleviate UC by modulating the IL‑17A/IL‑22-C/EBPβ-STAT3 axis. This study provides a modern nanoscale interpretation of traditional processing theory.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether carbonization induces self‑assembled nanoparticles (PRCL NPs) from Rubia cordifolia and to elucidate their mechanism in UC.
STUDY DESIGN: Self‑assembled nanoparticles were extracted from raw (RCL NPs) and carbonized (PRCL NPs) Rubia cordifolia. A DSS‑induced acute UC mouse model was used to evaluate efficacy. Transcriptomics, proteomics, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to explore the mechanism.
METHODS: Nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, SEM, FTIR, and stability assays. DSS‑induced colitis mice were orally treated with RCL NPs or PRCL NPs (1.3 and 5.2 g/kg). Inflammatory and pathway markers were assessed.
RESULTS: PRCL NPs exhibited smaller particle size (337.2 nm vs. 947.2 nm) and enhanced stability (zeta potential -15.2 mV). Multi‑omics revealed convergent enrichment of the IL‑17 signaling pathway. PRCL NPs significantly upregulated IL‑17A, IL‑22, p‑STAT3, and p‑C/EBPβ (p < 0.001) and suppressed chemokines CCL5, CXCL5, and CXCL10.
CONCLUSION: Carbonization of Rubia cordifolia spontaneously forms structurally optimized self‑assembled nanoparticles (PRCL NPs) that alleviate UC by modulating the IL‑17A/IL‑22-C/EBPβ-STAT3 axis. This study provides a modern nanoscale interpretation of traditional processing theory.