Editorial: To Eat or Not to Eat: Advancing the Neuroscience of Hedonic Versus Controlled Eating Across Weight and Eating Disorders.

Excessive weight and obesity, especially with childhood onset, is associated with long-term morbidity and mortality and places a major burden on the health care system. In the United States, 17% of children and adolescents are obese (32% overweight). By adulthood, the number rises to 34% or even 68% when also considering overweight individuals.1 Conventional nonsurgical treatments are often ineffective, and weight loss achieved with behaviorally oriented therapy programs is usually small (∼5%) and short-lived.2 A better understanding of the associated psychological mechanisms and their neurobiological underpinnings may allow for the development of more efficient, potentially brain-based, therapeutic interventions. A growing number of human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies point to alterations in reward-related corticostriatal circuity and the hypothalamus, a key area in energy homeostasis.3 Recent studies have analyzed resting state functional connectivity (rsFC), a technique sensitive to changes in the interaction between distant brain regions, which is particularly advantageous in clinical samples, as it requires little compliance and as scanning time is relatively short.