COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences Among Adults, Youth, and Childcare Providers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged families, youth, and frontline workers, including childcare providers. Studying lived experiences before, during, and near the pandemic's end from multiple perspectives provides a more holistic and deeper understanding of its effects and impacts.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated how parental, childcare provider, and youth stress, mental health, and role overload relate to individual coping and family functioning, as well as vaccine attitudes and uptake patterns among youth, parents, and childcare providers. Information learned from this investigation will inform policy and messaging for future public health crises.

METHODS

This study is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study designed to capture the voices of parents of children younger than 18 years of age, childcare providers, and youth aged 12-17 years through surveys and interviews. This retrospective cross-sectional study began with a web-based survey that included demographic questions and validated scales to assess personal well-being, household and family dynamics, behavioral problems, and vaccination-related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Open-ended responses about pandemic experiences for themselves and their families were included. A subsample of parents, youth, and childcare providers was selected for in-depth interviews about their pandemic-related experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics, and internal consistency was assessed for all survey measures using Cronbach α. Future studies will use inferential statistical techniques to analyze survey measures, thematic analysis for open-ended survey responses and interview data, and mixed methods data integration to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings.

RESULTS

Data collection for the study began in August 2022 and finished in August 2023. Data analysis is currently in progress to address research questions, and study preparation and dissemination efforts are underway. A total of 506 adults and 93 youths answered a study survey, and 45 adults and 21 youths completed in-depth interviews. Among the 506 adults, 166 were childcare providers. The adult sample had a mean age of 42.8 (SD 9.15) years and was predominantly female (467/506, 92.3%), with 9.7% (49/506) identifying as Black, 4.7% (24/506) as Hispanic, and 81.2% (411/506) being parents of children aged 17 years or younger. The youth sample had a mean age of 14.5 (SD 1.63) years, and 55.9% (52/93) were female, 6.4% (6/93) were Black, and 17.2% (16/93) were Hispanic. Several dyads and triads participated. The sample included 42 parent-child dyads, 3 parent-parent dyads, 2 parent-parent-child triads, and 21 parent-child-child triads.

CONCLUSIONS

These data will be used to understand the diverse experiences of families, youth, and childcare providers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes successful and unsuccessful adaptations, responses to policies and mandates, and the unmet needs for health messaging, programs, policies, and services. This research aims to guide the development of effective policies and public health communication, fostering scalable and sustainable messaging resources.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/77521.