[Sensitization to three house dust mites in a children allergic population of cuba].

BACKGROUND

Allergic diseases constitute a worldwide health problem and mites are among the main etiological agents.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize the sensitization to the mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides siboney, and Blomia tropicalis, by skin tests in a children allergic sample from Cuba.

METHODS

This is a descriptive transversal investigation that included 103 allergic children, with ages ranging from 3 to 15 years, who underwent skin prick tests with D. pteronyssinus, D. siboney, and B. tropicalis allergenic extracts. For the analysis of the results, sex, place of residence and degree of exposure to house dust were considered.

RESULTS

The greater sensitization was to D. pteronyssinus (36,9%), followed by D. siboney (35%) and B. tropicalis (33%). The greater geometric mean of the wheal diameter was 5,14 mm for D. pteronyssinus (IC95%: 4.52-5.76 mm); 4.82 mm for D. siboney (IC95%: 4.22-5.43 mm) and 4.25 mm for B. tropicalis (IC95%: 3.93-4.58 mm). Fifty six children (54.3%) were not sensitive to none of the three mites. In 45.7% we found sensitization at least to one mite, and 21.4% were sensitive to the three mites. There were no significant differences (p >0.05) in the sensitization according to sex, place of residence and degree of exposure to house dust. The percentage of sensitive patients with rhinitis plus asthma was more significant (p < 0.001), and in them, the geometric mean of the wheal diameter was significant for D. pteronyssinus (p=0.028) and D. siboney (p=0. 027).

CONCLUSIONS

A third of our studied child population, residing in a non-industrialized tropical area, presented sensitization to one or some of the three tested mites. There was a different pattern of sensitization with mites in relation to gender. Patients with asthma plus rhinitis showed more sensitization concerning the number and intensity of the skin tests.