Oral disease in children with Down syndrome: causes and prevention.

While healthcare professionals may be familiar with the social and medical management of Down syndrome, dental issues have traditionally been somewhat neglected and are important causes of morbidity. The aims of this review are two-fold. Firstly, to draw attention to the environmental and host factors associated with periodontal disease and dental caries (tooth decay) in children with Down syndrome. Secondly, to highlight key yet largely modifiable risk factors in the causation and progression of these chronic oral conditions, many of which also apply to other children with learning disabilities. The review focuses on the role of community and school-based healthcare professionals in promoting good oral health using evidence-based preventative strategies, and in encouraging early, regular contact with dental services.