AI-quantified epicardial adipose tissue and prediction of future myocardial infarction in patients with cardiometabolic disease: a post-hoc analysis from the SCOT-HEART trial.

BACKGROUND

Epicardial adipose tissue is gaining increasing interest as a cardiometabolic imaging biomarker, but its exact role in coronary artery disease is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue, coronary plaque characteristics, and risk of myocardial infarction in patients with suspected coronary artery disease, and in those with concomitant cardiometabolic disease.

METHODS

In a post-hoc analysis of the SCOT-HEART trial, epicardial adipose tissue volume and attenuation were quantified automatically from computed tomography (CT) angiography using deep-learning. Quantitative and high-risk coronary plaque characteristics were also assessed. The primary endpoint was fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction.

RESULTS

The study population consisted of 1770 patients (58 ± 9 years, 56% males) of whom 313 (18%) with cardiometabolic disease. Epicardial adipose tissue volume was higher in patients withcardiometabolic disease (123 ± 44 versus 88 ± 36 mL, p < 0.001), and increased with the coronary calcium score (0: 82 ± 35 mL, 1-400: 97 ± 38 mL, > 400: 113 ± 44 mL; p < 0.001), and low-attenuation plaque burden (burden ≤ 4%: 85 ± 36mL, burden > 4%: 103 ± 41mL; p < 0.001), while there were no interactions between these features and epicardial adipose tissue attenuation (p > 0.05 for all). During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 82 (4.6%) patients experienced myocardial infarction. In the total study cohort, epicardial adipose tissue volume predicted myocardial infarction both in univariable analysis, and after adjustment for established markers of cardiovascular risk. In patients with cardiometabolic disease, epicardial adipose tissue volume independently predicted myocardial infarction after adjustment for clinical risk factors and plaque features but this relationship was not found in those without cardiometabolic disease.

CONCLUSIONS

CT-derived Epicardial adipose tissue volume correlates with quantitative and high-risk plaque features, and independently predicts risk of myocardial infarction in patients with cardiometabolic disease.