Ocular Comorbidities of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

TOPIC: Ocular comorbidities of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

DESIGN

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ocular comorbidities of psoriasis have been raised with growing evidence. Certain eye diseases require prompt diagnosis and appropriate interventions, otherwise irreversible blindness may occur.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases from their respective inception to August 15, 2025. Observational studies providing data on risk estimates for eye diseases, such as cataract, uveitis, dry eye disease, glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion, conjunctivitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis, between patients with psoriasis and without psoriasis were included. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted. Our primary outcomes were the risk estimates of ocular comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. This study is registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/tkn92).

RESULTS

We included 34 studies involving 10 045 036 subjects. Patients with psoriasis showed increased risk of cataract (hazard ratio [HR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-2.07), uveitis (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.35-2.01 [cohort studies]; odds ratio [OR] 2.56, 95% CI: 1.60-4.10 [case-control studies]), dry eye disease (OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.31-10.86), glaucoma (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.05-1.88), retinal vein occlusion (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23-2.03), conjunctivitis (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.33-10.63), meibomian gland dysfunction (OR: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.9-10.40), and blepharitis (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.24-4.19).

CONCLUSIONS

The current evidence reveals associations of psoriasis with cataract, uveitis, dry eye disease, glaucoma, retinal vein occlusion, conjunctivitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and blepharitis. Ophthalmic consultation should be sought for psoriasis patients presenting ocular symptoms for prompt diagnosis and appropriate intervention.