A set of circulating microRNAs belonging to the 14q32 chromosome locus identifies two subgroups of individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are linked to the onset and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), thus representing potential disease biomarkers. In this study, we employed a multiplatform sequencing approach to analyze circulating miRNAs in an extended cohort of prospectively evaluated recent-onset T1DM individuals from the INNODIA consortium. Our findings reveal that a set of miRNAs located within T1DM susceptibility chromosomal locus 14q32 distinguishes two subgroups of individuals. To validate our results, we conducted additional analyses on a second cohort of T1DM individuals, confirming the identification of these subgroups, which we have named cluster A and cluster B. Remarkably, cluster B T1DM individuals, who exhibit increased expression of a set of 14q32 miRNAs, show better glycemic control and display a different blood immunomics profile. Our findings suggest that this set of circulating miRNAs can identify two different T1DM subgroups with distinct blood immunomics at baseline and clinical outcomes during follow-up.