BETTER sleep: Sleep quality among adults living with type 1 diabetes in Canada.

AIMS: Identify correlates of poor sleep quality among people living with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D).

METHODS

Data were extracted from the BETTER Registry. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sociodemographic characteristics (age, biological sex, education, income, ethnicity, body mass index); diabetes-related (diabetes duration, glucose monitoring method, treatment type, hypoglycemia awareness); psychological (fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes-related distress and stigma, depression, social support); and behavioral (snacking before bedtime, caffeine, alcohol and cannabis use, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) variables were tested in multivariate logistic regression analyses for their association with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5).

RESULTS

A total of 1322 PwT1D (mean age: 45.0 ± 15.0 years; 66.9 % female) had sleep data. The mean PSQI score was 6.0 ± 3.4 and 47.3 % had poor sleep quality. Being female (OR = 1.422; 95 % CI: 1.080-1.873), with overweight/obesity (OR = 1.376; 95 % CI: 1.067-1.775), greater fear of hypoglycemia (OR = 1.016; 95 % CI: 1.008-1.023), having moderate-to-severe depression (OR = 6.160; 95 % CI: 4.250-8.929), always snacking before bedtime (OR = 1.706; 95 % CI: 1.124-2.590), using cannabis (OR = 1.578; 95 % CI: 1.152-2.161), and accumulating <150 min/week of MVPA (OR = 1.563; 95 % CI: 1.107-2.203) were correlates of poor sleep quality.

CONCLUSIONS

Many PwT1D have poor sleep quality, and their sleep is associated with various sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral factors.