[Molecular diagnosis of a fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

We report the first case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a 9-year-old boy in Guadeloupe. The outcome was rapidly fatal in 7 days. The patient presumably acquired the infection by swimming and diving in a basin supplied by natural thermal water 1 week before onset of the disease. The possibility of a free-living amoeba infection was suspected both on the negativity of all bacterial and viral initial tests and on the observation of peculiar cells in stained cerebrospinal fluid samples. Although the amoeba was not isolated, Naegleria fowleri could be identified by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers on DNA extracted from frozen cerebrospinal fluid samples. Furthermore, as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of DNA is variable in length between the different strains of N. fowleri, sequencing of the amplified ITS1 demonstrated that the responsible N. fowleri strain belongs to a common genotype present in the American and European continent.