Journal of infection and public health · 2018
The epidemiology and severity of respiratory viral infections in a tropical country: Ecuador, 2009-2016.
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Caini Saverio, de Mora Doménica, Olmedo Maritza, Portugal Denisses, Becerra María A, Mejía Marcela, Pacurucu María C, Ojeda Jenny, Bonaccorsi Guglielmo, Lorini Chiara, Paget John, Bruno Alfredo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We compared the epidemiology and severity of RVI in Ecuador during 2009-2016.
METHODS: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses.
RESULTS: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR=14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR=9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December-January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38-2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98).
CONCLUSIONS: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV.
METHODS: Respiratory specimens collected within the national surveillance system were tested for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Overall and virus-specific positive detection rate (PDR) were calculated and compared the timing of epidemics caused by the different viruses. Logistic regression models were used to compare the age distribution and risk of death across respiratory viruses.
RESULTS: A total of 41,172 specimens were analyzed: influenza (PDR=14.3%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (PDR=9.5%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza epidemics typically peaked in December-January and RSV epidemics in March; seasonality was less evident for the other viruses. Compared to adults, children were more frequently infected with RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and influenza B, while the elderly were less frequently infected with influenza A(H1N1)p. The age-adjusted risk of death was highest for A(H1N1)p (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.38-2.17), and lowest for RSV (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.98).
CONCLUSIONS: Whilst influenza and RSV were the most frequently detected pathogens, the risk of death differed by RVI, being highest for pandemic influenza and lowest for RSV.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
AdolescentAdultAge FactorsAgedChildChild, PreschoolEcuadorFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeMaleMetapneumovirusMiddle AgedPopulation SurveillanceRespiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanRespiratory Tract InfectionsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSeasonsSeverity of Illness IndexTropical ClimateYoung Adult