Optical coherence tomography: measuring in-vivo axonal survival and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review considers the latest developments in the use of optical coherence tomography in neuro-ophthalmology.

RECENT FINDINGS: Optical coherence tomography can accurately and reproducibly quantitate the micron thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, as well as the thickness and volume of the macula. It is able to perform both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. It is able to measure and assess axonal preservation and protection when used in clinical trials.

SUMMARY: Specific guidelines when undertaking optical coherence tomography analyses for patients with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis are needed to ensure uniformity among clinical trials; this development would be similar to the parameters devised when magnetic resonance imaging emerged as an important technology.