Onychomycosis secondary to onychomadesis: an underdiagnosed manifestation.

Onychomycosis is a rare nail disorder in early childhood, while onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic, non-inflammatory disease that affects the nail matrix and is common in children especially in those who suffer from viral infections. In this study, we investigated recent cases of onychomycosis subsequent to periods of onychomadesis in children. Sixteen young children (six males, 10 females) with a mean age of 36.5 months were diagnosed with onychomadesis, and 13 of the patients had a history of viral infection prior to nail changes. Direct microscopy of nail scaling was positive in 11 cases (68.8%), and culture was positive in the same number of cases. Four Candida species were isolated: Candida glabrata was the most frequent, found in eight cases (72.7%), while C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, each were encountered in a single case. All children were treated successfully with or without topical bifonazole therapy.