Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study.
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Silventoinen Karri, Jelenkovic Aline, Sund Reijo, Hur Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama Yoshie, Honda Chika, Hjelmborg Jacob vB, Möller Sören, Ooki Syuichi, Aaltonen Sari, Ji Fuling, Ning Feng, Pang Zengchang, Rebato Esther, Busjahn Andreas, Kandler Christian, Saudino Kimberly J, Jang Kerry L, Cozen Wendy, Hwang Amie E, Mack Thomas M, Gao Wenjing, Yu Canqing, Li Liming, Corley Robin P, Huibregtse Brooke M, Christensen Kaare, Skytthe Axel, Kyvik Kirsten O, Derom Catherine A, Vlietinck Robert F, Loos Ruth Jf, Heikkilä Kauko, Wardle Jane, Llewellyn Clare H, Fisher Abigail, McAdams Tom A, Eley Thalia C, Gregory Alice M, He Mingguang, Ding Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen Morten, Beck-Nielsen Henning, Sodemann Morten, Tarnoki Adam D, Tarnoki David L, Stazi Maria A, Fagnani Corrado, D'Ippolito Cristina, Knafo-Noam Ariel, Mankuta David, Abramson Lior, Burt S Alexandra, Klump Kelly L, Silberg Judy L, Eaves Lindon J, Maes Hermine H, Krueger Robert F, McGue Matt, Pahlen Shandell, Gatz Margaret, Butler David A, Bartels Meike, van Beijsterveldt Toos Cem, Craig Jeffrey M, Saffery Richard, Freitas Duarte L, Maia José Antonio, Dubois Lise, Boivin Michel, Brendgen Mara, Dionne Ginette, Vitaro Frank, Martin Nicholas G, Medland Sarah E, Montgomery Grant W, Chong Youngsook, Swan Gary E, Krasnow Ruth, Magnusson Patrik Ke, Pedersen Nancy L, Tynelius Per, Lichtenstein Paul, Haworth Claire Ma, Plomin Robert, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Narandalai Danshiitsoodol, Harden K Paige, Tucker-Drob Elliot M, Öncel Sevgi Y, Aliev Fazil, Spector Timothy, Mangino Massimo, Lachance Genevieve, Baker Laura A, Tuvblad Catherine, Duncan Glen E, Buchwald Dedra, Willemsen Gonneke, Rasmussen Finn, Goldberg Jack H, Sørensen Thorkild Ia, Boomsma Dorret I, Kaprio Jaakko
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments.
DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling.
RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions.
CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.