Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise attenuates obesity-induced changes in perivascular adipose tissue in female mice.

The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on inflammatory, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence biomarkers, along with the evaluation of morphology and anti-contractile response of perivascular adipose tissue of the thoracic aorta (tPVAT) in female mice (C57BL6/JUnib) divided into sedentary (SD), trained (TR), obese sedentary (OB-SD), and obese trained (OB-TR). In the OB-SD group, serum glucose, leptin, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde were increased, linked with enlarged lipid droplets, decreased adiponectin content in tPVAT, and enhanced vascular β-galactosidase activity accompanied by alterations in the anti-contractile response of tPVAT to serotonin (5-HT) compared with the SD group. Aerobic exercise training was effective in reducing serum leptin, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde in the OB-TR group, with smaller lipid droplets and increased adiponectin in the tPVAT, and attenuation of vascular β-galactosidase activity with beneficial effects in the vascular response to 5-HT. This study highlights a significant phenotypic change of the tPVAT in obese female mice with increased vascular senescence and dysregulation of the anti-contractile response, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Aerobic exercise training effectively mitigated some of the obesity-induced changes in the tPVAT, partially restoring the anti-contractile response to 5-HT and reducing circulatory leptin, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde.