Translational vision science & technology · 2025
Age-Related Regional Changes in Choroidal Vascularity in Healthy Emmetropic Eyes.
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Valizadeh Ghazal, Hoseini-Yazdi Hosein, Read Scott, Alonso-Caneiro David, Collins Michael
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined regional changes in choroidal vascularity index (CVI) with physiological aging in healthy emmetropes.
METHODS: Deep learning methods were used for segmentation and binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images of the choroid collected from 280 healthy emmetropic subjects (mean spherical equivalent refraction: +0.39 ± 0.38 D), including 83 children (5-12 years), 77 adolescents (13-17 years), and 120 adults (18-41 years). The CVI, calculated as the ratio of luminal versus total choroidal area (in percent), and luminal and stromal choroidal thickness were measured across the 5-mm horizontal macular region centered on the fovea. Linear mixed models were used to examine age-related regional changes in the choroid while controlling for gender and imaging time of day.
RESULTS: The macular CVI reduced significantly from childhood (65% ± 0.5%) and adolescence (63% ± 0.5%) to adulthood (59% ± 0.4%) (P < 0.001). Significant regional variations were observed (P < 0.001) with the CVI increasing from the fovea (61% ± 0.3%) toward the perifovea (64% ± 0.3%) and from the temporal (61.4% ± 0.3%) toward the nasal hemiretina (63% ± 0.3%). The age-related decrease in the CVI was greater in the nasal (-7% ± 0.7%) than the temporal (-6% ± 0.7%) macula (P = 0.014) and was associated with a significant nasal stromal thickening (45 ± 5 µm; P < 0.001) and temporal luminal thinning (-16 ± 6 µm; P = 0.033) from childhood to adulthood.
CONCLUSIONS: Physiological aging was associated with a significant region-dependent decline in the CVI driven, primarily by stromal thickening in the nasal and luminal thinning in the temporal macula.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: These age-related changes in the CVI provide new insights into the physiological morphology of the choroid during aging and may aid clinicians in understanding the spatial and age-associated predilections of certain chorioretinal diseases.
METHODS: Deep learning methods were used for segmentation and binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images of the choroid collected from 280 healthy emmetropic subjects (mean spherical equivalent refraction: +0.39 ± 0.38 D), including 83 children (5-12 years), 77 adolescents (13-17 years), and 120 adults (18-41 years). The CVI, calculated as the ratio of luminal versus total choroidal area (in percent), and luminal and stromal choroidal thickness were measured across the 5-mm horizontal macular region centered on the fovea. Linear mixed models were used to examine age-related regional changes in the choroid while controlling for gender and imaging time of day.
RESULTS: The macular CVI reduced significantly from childhood (65% ± 0.5%) and adolescence (63% ± 0.5%) to adulthood (59% ± 0.4%) (P < 0.001). Significant regional variations were observed (P < 0.001) with the CVI increasing from the fovea (61% ± 0.3%) toward the perifovea (64% ± 0.3%) and from the temporal (61.4% ± 0.3%) toward the nasal hemiretina (63% ± 0.3%). The age-related decrease in the CVI was greater in the nasal (-7% ± 0.7%) than the temporal (-6% ± 0.7%) macula (P = 0.014) and was associated with a significant nasal stromal thickening (45 ± 5 µm; P < 0.001) and temporal luminal thinning (-16 ± 6 µm; P = 0.033) from childhood to adulthood.
CONCLUSIONS: Physiological aging was associated with a significant region-dependent decline in the CVI driven, primarily by stromal thickening in the nasal and luminal thinning in the temporal macula.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: These age-related changes in the CVI provide new insights into the physiological morphology of the choroid during aging and may aid clinicians in understanding the spatial and age-associated predilections of certain chorioretinal diseases.