European journal of nutrition · 2026
Sex-specific links between dietary fat intake, dementia risk, and cognitive decline in central obesity: a UK biobank cohort study.
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Xu Jiaxu, Chen Luyao, Chen Zhuo, Song Yuhua, Fu Zhihui, Ao Xinyue, Sun Xinyi, Chen Yunyan, Wei Wei, Sun Changhao, Tian Zhen
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To clarify the unclear association of dietary fat intake with dementia and cognitive impairment in individuals with central obesity, this study explored links of proportion of energy from dietary fat (PEFDF) to dementia risk and cognitive decline.
METHODS: A total of 128,160 participants from the UK Biobank were included in this study. Cox regression, logistics regression and univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between PEFDF and the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: Among women, PEFDF showed a potential nonlinear association with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence, whereas no significant association was observed in men. Notably, obese women with a moderately high percentage of energy from fat (MHF) had the lowest risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.590-0.943) and Alzheimer's disease incidence (HR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.419-0.876). Furthermore, MHF was associated with higher fluid intelligence test (FIT) scores (β, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.185-0.241), numerical memory test (NMT) scores (β, 0.091; 95% CI, 0.062-0.119), and prospective memory test (PMT) scores (OR, 1.187; 95% CI, 1.145-1.231) in women; and MHF was significantly associated with higher FIT (β, 0.198; 95% CI, 0.169-0.228) scores and PMT scores (OR, 1.114; 95% CI, 1.073-1.156) in man.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that MHF is positively associated with neurocognitive function in central obesity, especially in women. These results underscore the potential of scientifically effective dietary intervention in mitigating risk of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease.
METHODS: A total of 128,160 participants from the UK Biobank were included in this study. Cox regression, logistics regression and univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between PEFDF and the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment.
RESULTS: Among women, PEFDF showed a potential nonlinear association with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence, whereas no significant association was observed in men. Notably, obese women with a moderately high percentage of energy from fat (MHF) had the lowest risk of all-cause dementia (HR, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.590-0.943) and Alzheimer's disease incidence (HR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.419-0.876). Furthermore, MHF was associated with higher fluid intelligence test (FIT) scores (β, 0.213; 95% CI, 0.185-0.241), numerical memory test (NMT) scores (β, 0.091; 95% CI, 0.062-0.119), and prospective memory test (PMT) scores (OR, 1.187; 95% CI, 1.145-1.231) in women; and MHF was significantly associated with higher FIT (β, 0.198; 95% CI, 0.169-0.228) scores and PMT scores (OR, 1.114; 95% CI, 1.073-1.156) in man.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that MHF is positively associated with neurocognitive function in central obesity, especially in women. These results underscore the potential of scientifically effective dietary intervention in mitigating risk of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease.