[Progresses on temporal interference electromagnetic stimulation for non-invasive deep brain function modulation].

This article presents a systematic review of the research progress on temporal interference (TI) electromagnetic stimulation for deep brain function modulation. It first analyzes the fundamental principle of generating low-frequency envelopes through the interference of dual-frequency electric or magnetic fields. Combined with simulation studies, this analysis reveals that TI offers superior focal specificity in deep brain regions compared with traditional transcranial electric or magnetic stimulation. The reviewed studies indicate that multi-electrode or multi-coil configurations can substantially enhance the focality and penetration of electric fields in deep brain areas. In clinical applications, TI has shown potential advantages in improving motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, enhancing working memory, and localizing epileptic foci, though careful evaluation on TI's safety and ethical considerations remains essential. Finally, this review highlights that integrating artificial intelligence-based parameter optimization with personalized brain network modeling represents a key pathway toward overcoming current technical limitations, hoping to lay a theoretical foundation for developing closed-loop precise neuromodulation systems.