The effect of α-MSH treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus.

In this investigation, we examined the influence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide, along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis in a cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Administration of α-MSH (40 µg/0.1 ml saline) for 22 days did not affect the number of stage I (previtellogenic) follicles but caused significant reduction in the mean numbers of previtellogenic (stages II and III), vitellogenic (stage IV) and preovulatory (stage V) follicles compared to those of controls. While the gonadosomatic index was significantly lower, the rate of follicular atresia in stages II, III and IV remained significantly higher in α-MSH-treated fish compared to the controls. Furthermore, the mean percent area of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (GnRH-ir) fibres and luteinizing hormone-immunoreactive (LH-ir) cells were significantly reduced in the proximal pars distalis  of the pituitary gland in α-MSH-treated fish compared with the controls. Together, our findings suggest for the first time that the treatment of α-MSH blocks the follicular developmental process during the ovarian cycle, possibly through the inhibition of GnRH-LH pathway in teleosts.