Prevalence and effective treatment of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using flavonoid naringin.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and biofilms are difficult to treat due to their remarkable ability of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the incidence of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa infection cases is steadily increasing in hospitals worldwide. Herein, the frequency of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa wound infection cases among hospitalized patients is examined. In addition, suitable natural components with potent antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains are screened. Among 27 specimens, three P. aeruginosa strains (including carbapenem and multidrug-resistant) are isolated. The antibacterial efficacy of natural components, such as curcumin, naringin, quercetin, tannic acid, and rutin, is evaluated against the isolated drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Comparatively, naringin showed great antibacterial potential against drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. The zone of inhibition is found between 13 and 16 mm for naringin (20 mM) against P. aeruginosa strains; while, the minimum inhibitory concentration is found between 10 and 14 mM. A complete eradication of bacterial cells in P. aeruginosa mature biofilm is achieved by naringin at 28 mM within 24 h. Naringin interacts with the most important amino acids found in the MexR and RlpA, which confirms its role in the targeted treatment of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Remarkably, naringin is found to be hemocompatible up to 30 mM. Overall, this study suggests that naringin might be an outstanding biocompatible natural component to effectively treat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections and biofilms.