An epidemic of pulmonary hypertension after toxic rapeseed oil ingestion in Spain.

The cardiac profile of 38 patients readmitted to the hospital with the clinical and radiologic findings of pulmonary artery hypertension and right ventricular failure 2 months after ingestion of toxic rapeseed oil was determined with M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, pulsed Doppler flow studies and right and left heart catheterization and ventriculography. The echocardiogram and pulsed Doppler recordings revealed right ventricular enlargement in 84% of the patients, indirect evidence of pulmonary artery hypertension in 76% and tricuspid insufficiency in 13%. At cardiac catheterization (n = 11) the mean (+/- standard deviation) pulmonary artery pressure was 40 +/- 9 mm Hg, mean pulmonary systemic vascular resistance ratio was 0.45 +/- 0.12 and mean right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 13 +/- 4 mm Hg. Pulmonary artery hypertension was sustained after the acute administration of 100% oxygen and persisted in six patients who were restudied within 6 months. Cardiac index and left heart pressures were normal in all but one patient. The contrast ventriculographic studies revealed right ventricular dilation in all patients, tricuspid regurgitation in three patients and a normal left ventricular contraction pattern in all but one patient. The data confirm that symptomatic pulmonary artery hypertension and associated right ventricular dysfunction can complicate toxic rapeseed oil ingestion and that these findings persist for at least 6 months.