Future of Sleep Medicine: Novel Approaches and Measures Derived from Physiologic Systems Dynamics (Part I).

We review recent progress in understanding fundamental aspects of physiologic regulation during wake and sleep based on modern data-driven, analytical, and computational approaches with a focus on the complex dynamics of individual physiologic systems. The presented empirical findings indicate that sleep-wake and circadian cycles do not simply modulate basic physiologic functions but influence physiologic systems dynamics simultaneously over a broad range of time scales. The reviewed empirical approaches and derived measures represent novel mechanistic aspects of sleep and wake regulation, and lay the foundation for a new class of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in clinical sleep medicine.