[Characteristics and influencing factors of chronic pain in children among patients attending the Pediatric Pain Center of Bethesda Children's Hospital].

Introduction

The prevalence of chronic pain among Hungarian children and adolescents is 31.1%, yet little is known about this issue in Hungary.

Objective

To study the sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of patients with chronic pain treated at Bethesda Children’s Hospital. Method: The study sample consisted of children (mean age: 12.5 years, SD = 3.6) attending the outpatient care of the pain clinic between March 1, 2013, and March 31, 2021 (n = 164). A retrospective analysis of the pain questionnaires completed by the patients’ parents included sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, sleep problems, the presence of living difficulties, and family history. The questionnaire also included questions on the characteristics of the pain, the limitations on life activities caused by the pain (e.g., absence from school or kindergarten), and the use of the healthcare system.

Results

93% of parents reported their child had a previous or current health problem besides pain. While 95.7% had undergone tests to determine the cause of pain, 66.9% had no diagnosed medical condition. Additionally, 66% had a positive family history of severe or chronic illness/pain. Positive family history showed no significant link with the initiation or number of tests: (χ2(df) = 0.796(1); p = 0.372; Mann–Whitney U test = 2426.000; p = 0.492). Half of the children faced life situation difficulties, and 65% had missed school due to pain in the 3 months prior to enrollment.

Conclusion

Chronic pain in children frequently coexists with a positive family history and other health problems. A bio-psycho-social approach to care is crucial, as psychological and social factors often accompany and may perpetuate chronic pain. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(38): 1493–1499.