Non-nicotinic therapies for smoking cessation.

Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of numerous preventable diseases; as such, the goals of smoking cessation are both to reduce health risks and to improve the quality of life. Currently, the first-line smoking cessation therapies include nicotine replacement products and bupropion. The nicotinic receptor partial agonist varenicline has recently been approved by the FDA for smoking cessation. A newer product currently under development and seeking approval by the FDA are nicotine vaccines. Clonidine and nortriptyline have demonstrated some efficacy but side effects may limit their use to second-line therapeutic products. Other therapeutic drugs that are under development include rimonabant, mecamylamine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and dopamine receptor D3 antagonists. Inhibitors of nicotine metabolism are also promising candidates for smoking reduction and cessation. In conclusion, promising new therapeutic products are emerging and they will provide smokers additional options to assist in achieving smoking cessation.