[Prevalence, treatment, and control trends of cardiovascular risk factors among the young adults in the Kailuan study from 2006 to 2020].

Objective: Analyze the trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors among young adults in the Kailuan Study. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study including young adults aged 18 to 44 years, based on health examination data from the Kailuan Study from 2006 to 2020. Data on five cardiovascular risk factors were collected, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and smoking. Crude rates were estimated using the Clopper-Pearson method, standardized rates were calculated using the direct standardization method, adjusted rates were obtained using generalized linear models, and trends were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Results: Across seven examination waves in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014-2015, 2016-2017, and 2018-2020, 27 278, 24 546, 21 228, 26 971, 24 515, 16 102, and 16 704 young adults were included, respectively. The standardized prevalence of hypertension and the standardized detection rate of smoking decreased from 17.4% and 26.1% in 2006-2007 to 11.1% and 20.3% in 2018-2020, respectively (both P-trend<0.001). The standardized prevalence of diabetes remained stable at approximately 2.5% in 2006-2020 (P-trend=0.942). Standardized prevalence of high cholesterol and obesity increased from 7.4% and 15.0% to 8.7% and 18.0%, respectively (both P-trend<0.001). Among young adults with hypertension, adjusted treatment rates showed an overall increasing trend (P-trend<0.001), whereas control rates fluctuated but demonstrated an overall decreasing trend (P-trend<0.001). Among young adults with diabetes, the adjusted treatment rate showed an overall declining trend (P-trend=0.004), whereas the control rate fluctuated during the study period without a statistically significant overall trend (P-trend=0.336). Males had a higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity compared with females (all P<0.001). Conclusion: From 2006 to 2020, the prevalence of high cholesterol and obesity increased among young adults in the Kailuan Study, whereas the prevalence of diabetes remained relatively stable and rates of hypertension and smoking declined. The treatment rate for hypertension improved over time, whereas that for diabetes decreased; Overall, hypertension control rates declined, whereas diabetes control rates exhibited a fluctuating trend. Overall, males exhibited higher risks for major cardiovascular risk factors.