Treatment of paediatric headache.

Headaches are very common during childhood and become increasingly frequent during adolescence. The diagnosis of primary headache disorders (e.g., migraine and tension-type headache) rests principally on clinical criteria as set forth by the International Headache Society. Treatment options include acute or episodic measures, prophylactic agents and non-pharmacological or behavioural interventions. From review of available evidence, the most efficacious acute treatments of paediatric migraine include the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen at 7.5 - 10 mg/kg/dose or nasal sumatriptan at doses of 5 or 20 mg. For those patients with headaches that occur with sufficient frequency and severity to warrant daily prophylaxis, controlled data are limited. Agents which are likely to be beneficial include amitriptyline, flunarizine (not available in the US) and cyproheptadine. Clinical experience with the anti-epileptic agents topiramate and valproate suggests an expanding role for the prevention of paediatric migraine in the future.