Pediatric research · 2025
School-age child neurodevelopment following antenatal Zika virus exposure.
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Mulkey Sarah B, Andringa-Seed Regan, Corn Elizabeth, Williams Meagan E, Arroyave-Wessel Margarita, Podolsky Robert H, Peyton Colleen, Msall Michael E, Cure Carlos, Berl Madison M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Children exposed antenatally to Zika virus (ZIKV) during the 2015-2016 epidemic are now in school; little is known about their neurodevelopment at this age. The objective was to evaluate neurodevelopment of ZIKV-exposed Colombian children compared to non-exposed controls at ages 5-6.
METHODS: In total, 48 normocephalic children with antenatal ZIKV exposure (Cases) were recruited for a longitudinal cohort study in Atlántico, Colombia. Two age-matched control groups of 118 non-ZIKV-exposed children were recruited from same communities as Cases: 63 born before ZIKV epidemic but experienced COVID-19-related school entry delays, and 55 born post-ZIKV epidemic but started school on time. Multi-domain neurodevelopment was assessed at 5-6 years using standardized measures. Standard regression and proportional odds models were used to compare outcomes. P values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: There were no differences in age at assessment between groups. Case Full-Scale IQ scores were lower than both control groups (p = 0.002), driven by visual reasoning (p < 0.001). Controls with school entry delay had more executive control problems and lower adaptive functioning skills than Cases and Controls without school entry delay.
CONCLUSIONS: ZIKV-exposed children have lower cognitive performance compared to controls. Early childhood experiences can affect pediatric outcomes research.
IMPACT: Normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children have lower full-scale IQ than their unexposed peers from the same communities. Normocephalic children with antenatal ZIKV exposure have differences in neurodevelopment that can impact them long-term. There is a need for continued follow-up of children with antenatal ZIKV exposure to determine long-term effects on higher-order areas of cognitive function.
METHODS: In total, 48 normocephalic children with antenatal ZIKV exposure (Cases) were recruited for a longitudinal cohort study in Atlántico, Colombia. Two age-matched control groups of 118 non-ZIKV-exposed children were recruited from same communities as Cases: 63 born before ZIKV epidemic but experienced COVID-19-related school entry delays, and 55 born post-ZIKV epidemic but started school on time. Multi-domain neurodevelopment was assessed at 5-6 years using standardized measures. Standard regression and proportional odds models were used to compare outcomes. P values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: There were no differences in age at assessment between groups. Case Full-Scale IQ scores were lower than both control groups (p = 0.002), driven by visual reasoning (p < 0.001). Controls with school entry delay had more executive control problems and lower adaptive functioning skills than Cases and Controls without school entry delay.
CONCLUSIONS: ZIKV-exposed children have lower cognitive performance compared to controls. Early childhood experiences can affect pediatric outcomes research.
IMPACT: Normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children have lower full-scale IQ than their unexposed peers from the same communities. Normocephalic children with antenatal ZIKV exposure have differences in neurodevelopment that can impact them long-term. There is a need for continued follow-up of children with antenatal ZIKV exposure to determine long-term effects on higher-order areas of cognitive function.