Oral mucormycosis in children with leukemia: report of 2 cases.

Mucormycosis is a rare acute opportunistic infection caused by a saprophytic fungus, which belongs to the order Mucorales. This report describes intraoral mucormycosis in 2 children with acute leukemia who were undergoing chemotherapy and had febrile neutropenia. A 7-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia and a 9-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Cukurova University for their intraoral soft tissue lesions, which were diagnosed as mucormycosis by histologic examination. While, for the first case, the lesion was debrided under general anesthesia and medical antifungal therapy was performed, only medical management was done, without any debridement, for the second case. Early recognition of mucormycosis is necessary to limit the spread of infection, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, health practitioners should be familiar with the signs and symptoms of the disease.