Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
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Ng Marie, Fleming Tom, Robinson Margaret, Thomson Blake, Graetz Nicholas, Margono Christopher, Mullany Erin C, Biryukov Stan, Abbafati Cristiana, Abera Semaw Ferede, Abraham Jerry P, Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M E, Achoki Tom, AlBuhairan Fadia S, Alemu Zewdie A, Alfonso Rafael, Ali Mohammed K, Ali Raghib, Guzman Nelson Alvis, Ammar Walid, Anwari Palwasha, Banerjee Amitava, Barquera Simon, Basu Sanjay, Bennett Derrick A, Bhutta Zulfiqar, Blore Jed, Cabral Norberto, Nonato Ismael Campos, Chang Jung-Chen, Chowdhury Rajiv, Courville Karen J, Criqui Michael H, Cundiff David K, Dabhadkar Kaustubh C, Dandona Lalit, Davis Adrian, Dayama Anand, Dharmaratne Samath D, Ding Eric L, Durrani Adnan M, Esteghamati Alireza, Farzadfar Farshad, Fay Derek F J, Feigin Valery L, Flaxman Abraham, Forouzanfar Mohammad H, Goto Atsushi, Green Mark A, Gupta Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad Nima, Hankey Graeme J, Harewood Heather C, Havmoeller Rasmus, Hay Simon, Hernandez Lucia, Husseini Abdullatif, Idrisov Bulat T, Ikeda Nayu, Islami Farhad, Jahangir Eiman, Jassal Simerjot K, Jee Sun Ha, Jeffreys Mona, Jonas Jost B, Kabagambe Edmond K, Khalifa Shams Eldin Ali Hassan, Kengne Andre Pascal, Khader Yousef Saleh, Khang Young-Ho, Kim Daniel, Kimokoti Ruth W, Kinge Jonas M, Kokubo Yoshihiro, Kosen Soewarta, Kwan Gene, Lai Taavi, Leinsalu Mall, Li Yichong, Liang Xiaofeng, Liu Shiwei, Logroscino Giancarlo, Lotufo Paulo A, Lu Yuan, Ma Jixiang, Mainoo Nana Kwaku, Mensah George A, Merriman Tony R, Mokdad Ali H, Moschandreas Joanna, Naghavi Mohsen, Naheed Aliya, Nand Devina, Narayan K M Venkat, Nelson Erica Leigh, Neuhouser Marian L, Nisar Muhammad Imran, Ohkubo Takayoshi, Oti Samuel O, Pedroza Andrea, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Roy Nobhojit, Sampson Uchechukwu, Seo Hyeyoung, Sepanlou Sadaf G, Shibuya Kenji, Shiri Rahman, Shiue Ivy, Singh Gitanjali M, Singh Jasvinder A, Skirbekk Vegard, Stapelberg Nicolas J C, Sturua Lela, Sykes Bryan L, Tobias Martin, Tran Bach X, Trasande Leonardo, Toyoshima Hideaki, van de Vijver Steven, Vasankari Tommi J, Veerman J Lennert, Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo, Vlassov Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset Stein Emil, Vos Theo, Wang Claire, Wang XiaoRong, Weiderpass Elisabete, Werdecker Andrea, Wright Jonathan L, Yang Y Claire, Yatsuya Hiroshi, Yoon Jihyun, Yoon Seok-Jun, Zhao Yong, Zhou Maigeng, Zhu Shankuan, Lopez Alan D, Murray Christopher J L, Gakidou Emmanuela
Аннотация
METHODS: We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
FINDINGS: Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down.
INTERPRETATION: Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene.
FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.