The neurobiology of antisocial behavior in adolescence; current knowledge and relevance for youth forensic clinical practice.

Antisocial behavior in adolescents is generally seen as a neurodevelopmental problem; however, in spite of increasing knowledge on the neurobiology of persistent antisocial behavior, conduct disorders, and psychopathic traits, this knowledge is hardly used in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to give an overview of current research on the neurobiology of antisocial behavior in adolescents and to discuss how this knowledge can be translated to youth forensic clinical practice. First, an overview of recent literature on genetics, neuroimaging, neuropsychology, neurophysiology/neuroendocrinology, and antisocial behavior in adolescents is given. Second, implications for diagnostics, risk taxation, and treatment are discussed. Finally, an integrated biopsychosocial approach for future research regarding translational forensic child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry is advocated.