[Surgical treatment of cancer at the beginning of the third millenium--based on the 2004 Krompecher Memorial Lecture of the Society of Hungarian Oncologists].

The author presents a historical overview of cancer surgery of the last century. At the last quarter of the century the main characteristic of this process has been the significant extension of surgical radicality. Three new surgical methods appeared and have been routinely used at the Surgical Clinic of the Szeged University School, to increase surgical radicality, to improve survival rate without impairing the postoperative quality of life. 1.) Subtotal colectomy (STC) involves an extended resection of the colon over the splenic flexure. In a period of 8 years a total of 72 STCs were performed for the treatment of large bowel obstructions or symptomatic stenosis caused by cancer of the left colon. STC offers: a) one stage treatment for colonic obstruction in emergency surgery, b.) removal of the tumor with sufficient oncological radicality, c.) primary reconstruction of the digestive tract, with a safe ileocolic anastomosis even in emergency cases. Based on a study about postoperative quality of life of STC operated patients, it proved to be normal. 2.) The author reports a total of 108 middle and low third rectal cancer cases operated on by total mesorectal excision (TME) by the method of Heald. The oncological basis of this procedure is the horizontal regional metastatization of rectal cancer. The author succeeded in 60% of cases to perform an anterior resection with preservation of the anal sphincter, and to decrease the early (within two years after surgery) local recurrence rate from 14.5% to 6.4%, compared to the group of patients operated on by traditional technic. 3.) A total of 154 patients with locally advanced - stage IV - colorectal cancer underwent extended surgery of multivisceral resections as a treatment of cancer process involving adjacent abdominal organs. Surgery was performed to treat advanced cancer of the colon in 112 cases and the one of the rectum in 42 cases. The mortality rate was 7% in the colon cancer group, and 12% in the group of rectal cancer patients. In their tumor-free postoperative period 90% of colon cancer patients and 95% of rectal cancer patients had an improved quality of life. The 5 years survival rate was 40% in the colon group and 22% in the rectal cancer group. In the group of patients having more than 3 simultaneously tumorous organs, in spite of the multiple organ resections, no 5 years survival has been recorded.