[Peripheral Nerve Disease].

The Diagnostic process of neurological disorders consists of anatomical and etiological diagnoses, and that of neuropathies usually starts with a suspicion of peripheral nerve disturbance based on neurological findings, which is subsequently confirmed by electrophysiology. However, there are numerous pitfalls in interpreting neurological features and electrophysiological data in the anatomical diagnosis process, possibly leading to misdiagnoses of "neuropathy" in patients with myelopathies, myopathies, neuromuscular junction diseases, or motor neuron diseases. We present the case of a 7-year-old girl showing acute flaccid quadriplegia with overt abnormalities in a nerve conduction study who was initially misdiagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. In retrospect, we recognize several points suggestive of disorders other than neuropathy.