The Veterinary record · 2023
Comparative histological analysis of the alae nasi in French bulldogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and unaffected non-brachycephalic dogs.
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di Virgilio Fabrizio, Guelette Vivien, Prata Daniela, Boulouha Lilia, Santos Marisa, Belluzzi Elena, Caraty Johan, Bongartz Alexandre, Deneuche Aymeric
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Brachycephalic dogs are characterised by a short and flat nose. This cranial conformation is associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, a respiratory syndrome primarily characterised by stenotic nares, a hyperplastic soft palate and a hypoplastic trachea, among other malformations, with secondary abnormalities resulting in upper airway obstruction METHODS: In this study, we aimed to characterise and compare the histological features of tissue samples harvested from the alae nasi of French bulldogs and non-brachycephalic dogs. Samples from the alae nasi of 11 French bulldogs and 13 non-brachycephalic dogs were collected. Four-μm-thick, paraffin-embedded sections were obtained from each tissue sample and mounted on glass slides, followed by staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and toluidine blue for histological examination.
RESULTS: The only variation observed between the samples obtained from French bulldogs and those obtained from non-brachycephalic dogs concerned the presence of cartilage in the specimens. Cartilage was absent in 10 of 11 French bulldogs but present in nine of 13 non-brachycephalic dogs; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
LIMITATIONS: The findings of this study need further validation in future prospective studies. It would be useful to examine the entire nostril wing, to include additional brachycephalic breeds, a larger number of subjects spanning a wider age range and degree of stenotic nares severity, a larger tissue sample, and a broadening of the control group to include dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.
CONCLUSION: This study found an absence of cartilage in French bulldog nare specimens compared to those from non-brachycephalic dogs. This absence of cartilage may contribute to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, although histological examination of the entire wing of the nostrils is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
RESULTS: The only variation observed between the samples obtained from French bulldogs and those obtained from non-brachycephalic dogs concerned the presence of cartilage in the specimens. Cartilage was absent in 10 of 11 French bulldogs but present in nine of 13 non-brachycephalic dogs; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
LIMITATIONS: The findings of this study need further validation in future prospective studies. It would be useful to examine the entire nostril wing, to include additional brachycephalic breeds, a larger number of subjects spanning a wider age range and degree of stenotic nares severity, a larger tissue sample, and a broadening of the control group to include dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.
CONCLUSION: This study found an absence of cartilage in French bulldog nare specimens compared to those from non-brachycephalic dogs. This absence of cartilage may contribute to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, although histological examination of the entire wing of the nostrils is needed to confirm this hypothesis.