The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC) in Fungal Infections and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.

BACKGROUND

The interaction between the immune system and fungi has long intrigued researchers, as fungi are among the most common organisms encountered by humans. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are specialized immune cells that play a key role in modulating immune responses during fungal infections by inhibiting T-cell activity.

OBJECTIVES

This review aims to investigate the mechanisms by which MDSCs influence fungal infections and to explore their potential as therapeutic targets.

METHODS

A comprehensive review of existing studies examining MDSC activity in various fungal infections was conducted. Comparative analysis focused on the protective versus non-protective effects of MDSCs across different fungal species.

RESULTS

MDSCs suppress pro-inflammatory T-cell responses, leading to two contrasting outcomes. On one hand, this suppression mitigates disease progression by reducing harmful inflammation. On the other, it can enhance fungal survival by preventing T-cell-mediated damage. Protective effects of MDSCs have been observed in Candida albicans infections, whereas non-protective or detrimental effects have been reported in infections caused by Candida tropicalis, Paracoccidioides, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Malassezia, and Mucor species.

CONCLUSIONS

MDSCs play a dual role in fungal infections, balancing protective immune regulation with facilitation of fungal persistence. Understanding their mechanisms offers promising avenues for the development of targeted immunotherapies against fungal pathogens.