Tourette syndrome in Japan: a nationwide questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and pediatricians.

In order to shed light on the clinical picture of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) treated at medical institutions in Japan, a nationwide survey covering both pediatric patients and psychiatric patients was conducted. We mailed 316 questionnaires on experience in treating TS cases and the patients' present conditions etc. to specialists such as psychiatrists and pediatricians. A total of 164 responded. The survey found 154 TS patients being treated at the time of survey, 45 (29.2%) had obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and 10 (6.5%) had family histories of TS. It was suggested that TS is often associated with OCS and that familial cases of TS are slightly less common in Japan than they are in the USA. Of the 116 respondents who described their experiences, 85 (73.2%) said that they had treated one or more patients displaying the symptoms of frequent coprolalia, and 42 (36.2%) said that they had treated one or more patients suffering from developmental disorders. Based on these findings, we speculated that the rate of coprolalia in Japan is a little higher than the previously reported 4% and that TS is often associated with developmental disorders.