[Senegalese experience of orbital cellulitis].

AIM: To show the etiological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of orbital cellulitis at the ophthalmological clinic of A. le Dantec hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 1994 to October 2003. Sixty-eight patient records were used. We noted patients' civil status, past medical history, clinical and paraclinical examinations, treatment received before and at admission to the clinic, and progression.

RESULTS

The incidence of orbital cellulitis was 8.9 cases per year. The average age of patients was 18 years and the sex ratio 2.78 in favor of males. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 11 days. The fever was often stopped at admission. All patients had violent retrobulbar pain, associated with inflammatory exophthalmos in 77.8% of cases, and ophthalmoplegia in 67.2%. Two cases of diplopia were noted; 57.5% had sinusitis. Streptococcus was the bacterium found most frequently. In hospital, all patients received three antibiotics (ampicillin, aminoglycoside, metronidazole) and prednisone. In 51.5% of the cases, surgical treatment was necessary. Progression was favorable in 55.88% of the cases. Three patients died and 18 cases of blindness were noted.

CONCLUSION

Orbital cellulitis is a young people's disorder with serious complications. This medical emergency requires a combination of effective antibiotics and a corticosteroid. Treating the source of infections is essential to avoid recurrence. In our practice, these three drugs in association in first intention was beneficial without an antibiogram.