Amphibian emergency and critical care.

Amphibians present unique challenges for the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions. Their adaptability to both aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles leaves them vulnerable to dehydration and fluid overload, either of which may accompany serious disease. This article presents the most common emergency conditions in amphibians, the physiologic basis of disease, and a guide to the diagnosis and treatment of amphibian emergencies.