Characterization of Patients with Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source in the NAVIGATE ESUS Randomized Trial.
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Kasner Scott E, Lavados Pablo, Sharma Mukul, Wang Yongjun, Wang Yilong, Dávalos Antoni, Shamalov Nikolay, Cunha Luis, Lindgren Arne, Mikulik Robert, Arauz Antonio, Lang Wilfried, Czlonkowska Anna, Eckstein Jens, Gagliardi Rubens, Amarenco Pierre, Ameriso Sebastián F, Tatlisumak Turgut, Veltkamp Roland, Hankey Graeme J, Toni Danilo S, Bereczki Daniel, Uchiyama Shinichiro, Ntaios George, Yoon Byung-Woo, Brouns Raf, DeVries Basson M M, Endres Matthias, Muir Keith, Bornstein Natan, Ozturk Serefnur, O'Donnell Martin, Mundl Hardi, Pater Calin, Weitz Jeffrey, Peacock W Frank, Swaminathan Balakumar, Kirsch Bodo, Berkowitz Scott D, Peters Gary, Pare Guillaume, Themeles Ellison, Shoamanesh Ashkan, Connolly Stuart J, Hart Robert G, NAVIGATE ESUS Steering Committee and Investigators
Аннотация
AIMS: We aimed to describe the baseline characteristics of this large ESUS cohort to explore relationships among key subgroups.
METHODS: We enrolled 7213 patients at 459 sites in 31 countries. Prespecified subgroups for primary safety and efficacy analyses included age, sex, race, global region, stroke or transient ischemic attack prior to qualifying event, time to randomization, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS: Mean age was 66.9 ± 9.8 years; 24% were under 60 years. Older patients had more hypertension, coronary disease, and cancer. Strokes in older subjects were more frequently cortical and accompanied by radiographic evidence of prior infarction. Women comprised 38% of participants and were older than men. Patients from East Asia were oldest whereas those from Latin America were youngest. Patients in the Americas more frequently were on aspirin prior to the qualifying stroke. Acute cortical infarction was more common in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, whereas prior radiographic infarctions were most common in East Asia. Approximately forty-five percent of subjects were enrolled within 30 days of the qualifying stroke, with earliest enrollments in Asia and Eastern Europe.
CONCLUSIONS: NAVIGATE-ESUS is the largest randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for secondary stroke prevention in patients with ESUS. The study population encompasses a broad array of patients across multiple continents and these subgroups provide ample opportunities for future research.