[Mechanism of reactive oxygen species regulation in bone metabolism and its significance in bone-related oral diseases].

Bone metabolism is a highly ordered biological process that relies on the dynamic balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption to maintain the normal structure and function of bone tissue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as an important product of intracellular redox reactions, participates in the regulation of key physiological processes such as cell signal transduction and gene expression at physiological concentrations. However, when the generation and clearance of ROS are imbalanced, excessive ROS will trigger oxidative stress, leading to damage of intracellular biomacromolecules (such as lipids, proteins, and DNA), and thus disrupting tissue homeostasis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that ROS plays a central role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Pathologically elevated ROS levels can disrupt the homeostasis of bone metabolism. This imbalance in homeostasis is a key pathogenic factor in the development of various oral hard-tissue diseases such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms by which ROS regulates bone metabolism and its significance in bone-related oral diseases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and new research directions for the prevention and treatment strategies of related diseases.