Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025
T2-Weighted T1 Mapping and Automated Segmentation of CSF: Assessment of Solute Gradients in the Healthy Brain.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Storås Tryggve Holck, Lian Sofie Lysholm, Mossige Ingrid, Riseth Jørgen, Svensson Siri Fløgstad, Løvland Grethe, Ringstad Geir, Mardal Kent-André, Emblem Kyrre Eeg, Nordengen Kaja
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves as a medium for nutrient delivery and waste clearance. The T1 relaxation rate, R1, can be used to measure the concentration of intrinsic solutes and extrinsic contrast agents.
PURPOSE: To implement a method for R1 mapping and segmentation of CSF and to use this method to explore how R1 of CSF relates to protein content and gadobutrol after intrathecal administration.
STUDY TYPE: Prospective cohort study, complemented by phantom analysis.
POPULATION: Ten healthy control subjects (mean age 65.5 ± 4.4 years, range 57-72 years; five males and five females) and protein- and gadobutrol-gradient phantom.
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3 T Philips Ingenia scanner; 3D T2W mixed inversion recovery spin-echo (T2W-mixed IRSE) sequence and 3D T1W turbo field echo (3D T1W-TFE).
ASSESSMENT: R1 maps were calculated by combining IR and SE data. An automated segmentation method derived from FreeSurfer employed SE data for CSF segmentation and T1W-TFE for anatomical reference. CSF was collected by lumbar puncture for protein measurements, and 0.25 mmol gadobutrol was injected intrathecally. Post-contrast assessments were performed at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h.
STATISTICAL TESTS: One-way ANOVA, followed by a post hoc Tukey HSD test, and simple and multiple linear regression analysis; significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: R1 of ventricular CSF 0.216 ± 0.001 s-1 was significantly lower than that surrounding the cerebellum 0.225 ± 0.001 and cerebrum 0.228 ± 0.002 and correlated with lumbar protein concentration (R 2 = 0.56). Peak gadobutrol concentrations were 101 ± 84 μM in ventricles, 185 ± 89 μM in cerebellar SAS and 166 ± 91 μM in cerebral SAS. Corresponding concentrations were 6 ± 4, 17 ± 8, and 37 ± 18 μM at 72 h.
DATA CONCLUSION: Intrinsic R1 of CSF in the subarachnoid space correlated with protein content. Intracranial CSF enrichment after intrathecal administration of gadobutrol showed a large variation among healthy volunteers.
EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2.
TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 3.
PURPOSE: To implement a method for R1 mapping and segmentation of CSF and to use this method to explore how R1 of CSF relates to protein content and gadobutrol after intrathecal administration.
STUDY TYPE: Prospective cohort study, complemented by phantom analysis.
POPULATION: Ten healthy control subjects (mean age 65.5 ± 4.4 years, range 57-72 years; five males and five females) and protein- and gadobutrol-gradient phantom.
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3 T Philips Ingenia scanner; 3D T2W mixed inversion recovery spin-echo (T2W-mixed IRSE) sequence and 3D T1W turbo field echo (3D T1W-TFE).
ASSESSMENT: R1 maps were calculated by combining IR and SE data. An automated segmentation method derived from FreeSurfer employed SE data for CSF segmentation and T1W-TFE for anatomical reference. CSF was collected by lumbar puncture for protein measurements, and 0.25 mmol gadobutrol was injected intrathecally. Post-contrast assessments were performed at 3, 24, 48, and 72 h.
STATISTICAL TESTS: One-way ANOVA, followed by a post hoc Tukey HSD test, and simple and multiple linear regression analysis; significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: R1 of ventricular CSF 0.216 ± 0.001 s-1 was significantly lower than that surrounding the cerebellum 0.225 ± 0.001 and cerebrum 0.228 ± 0.002 and correlated with lumbar protein concentration (R 2 = 0.56). Peak gadobutrol concentrations were 101 ± 84 μM in ventricles, 185 ± 89 μM in cerebellar SAS and 166 ± 91 μM in cerebral SAS. Corresponding concentrations were 6 ± 4, 17 ± 8, and 37 ± 18 μM at 72 h.
DATA CONCLUSION: Intrinsic R1 of CSF in the subarachnoid space correlated with protein content. Intracranial CSF enrichment after intrathecal administration of gadobutrol showed a large variation among healthy volunteers.
EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2.
TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 3.