[How I explore… anemia in children].

Anemia is a common problem in pediatrics. The most frequent cause is iron deficiency, but it can also be associated to a constitutional or acquired pathology of the bone marrow or red blood cells. We describe a practical approach for rapidly guiding the diagnosis and management of anemia in children. It is based on the history and clinical examination, mean corpuscular volume, ferritinemia, reticulocytosis and hemolytic profile.