Advancing 3D volumetric analysis of unilateral alveolar clefts: a study comparing methods for improved clinical precision.

OBJECTIVES

The study aims to compare methods for 3D volumetric assessment of unilateral alveolar clefts using CBCT, evaluating their accuracy and analysing clinical applicability, and to provide recommendations for improved precision in treatment planning and scientific research.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Two methods were used to assess the volumes of 20 patients with unilateral alveolar clefts. One was based on anterior nasal spine (ANS) and greater palatine foramen (GPF); while the other was based on ANS and posterior nasal spine (PNS), regarding the palatal plane (PP) as the reference plane. Reliability for the different outcome variables was analyzed with intra-class correlation (ICC) and by calculating a paired Student's t tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

RESULTS

The mean volume measured by the ANS&PNS based method (957.70 ± 174.25 mm3) was higher than the one measured by the combined method based on ANS&GPF (786.74 ± 146.10 mm3) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the groups showed good stability in the differences (r = 0.957, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The volumetric assessment of alveolar clefts varies with the reference plane used. The method based on palatal plane offers relatively easier identification of landmarks, closely reflecting actual alveolar bone volume.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The refined method for alveolar cleft assessment could improve treatment planning for orthodontics and alveolar bone grafting in patients with UCLP, while also supporting research on alveolar cleft morphology and its developmental mechanisms.