Safety of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in compensated cirrhotic patients during transplant candidacy period.

BACKGROUND

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection with isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF) is controversial in liver transplant candidates due to potential hepatotoxicity. In this study, treatment of latent tuberculosis during transplant candidacy period is explored, and relevant literature is reviewed.

METHODS

Liver transplant candidates with latent tuberculosis infection by positive tuberculin skin test (>5 mm) were prospectively enrolled and treated with 9 months of INH or 4 months of RIF, and were monitored monthly for their liver enzyme profiles, adverse effects, compliance, and completion rate.

RESULTS

Four of nine patients with INH had asymptomatic, mild elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) versus none of five patients in the RIF group. Two cases of elevations were attributed to INH. Two other cases were attributed to alcoholism or active chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Only one patient in the INH group experienced symptoms possibly attributed to INH hepatotoxicity. Compliance was 100% per patient reporting. Completion rates were 79% for INH and 100% for RIF. No fulminant hepatic failure or death was observed.

CONCLUSION

Treatment of latent tuberculosis in liver transplant patients during their candidacy with INH or RIF appears to be a safe, viable option, if carefully monitored for adverse effects and liver enzymes.