Longitudinal psychological effects of the Garuda Indonesia air disaster in Japan.

We examined the general health and psychological symptoms among survivors of the 1996 Garuda Indonesia air disaster in Japan. We conducted a prospective study 6 months and 1 year (Study 1) after the disaster. A retrospective follow-up study was performed ten years after the disaster (Study 2). The mean score on the 28-Item General Health Questionnaire was 6.5 (SD=6.9) 1 year after the disaster. Those who witnessed the death of an acquaintance in the disaster were classified into the high risk group. In Study 2, more than one-third of respondents complained of a flying phobia. These findings indicate that the psychological burdens of air disasters may last as long as 10 years.