Nutrition and esophageal cancer.

Several case control studies in esophageal cancer employing a food-frequency dietary questionnaire suggested a fairly uniform dietary pattern which could be implicated in the causation of the disease. Although various micronutrients (vitamins and trace elements) have also been found to have either a positive or negative association, findings were more clear-cut for the different food items contributing the micronutrients than for the specific micronutrients themselves. The difficulties encountered in dietary interviews in case control studies are discussed. Nutritional supplementation has a theoretical rationale, but clinical experience with randomized trials did not support the same.